The effect of functional exercise program on physical functioning in older adults aged 60 years or more: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Objective: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the impact of functional exercise training on physical functioning parameters in older adults 60 years and older.

Method: Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched.

Results: Sixteen articles were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that functional training significantly improved Barthel index (p = 0.01), gait speed (p = 0.002), gait cadence (p = 0.0002), Berg Balance Scale (p = 0.0003), Timed Up and Go test (TUG; p = 0.02), step length (p < 0.0001), Five Chair Stand (p < 0.0001) and physical activity questionnaire for the older adults score (p < 0.00001). However, hand grip strength remained unchanged.

Discussion: These findings underscore the significance of incorporating functional exercises in interventions for healthy aging and maintaining independence among older individuals. Further investigation is needed to explore long-term effects and optimal implementation strategies for functional exercise regimens in this populations.

Keywords: Balance, Independence; Functional training; Meta-analysis; Older adults.