Extraction mechanism and bio-activities of capsaicinoids from lantern peppers placenta using deep eutectic solvents

Food Chem. 2025 Feb 1;464(Pt 2):141773. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141773. Epub 2024 Oct 23.

Abstract

This study proposed ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) for the extraction of capsaicinoids (CAP) from the placenta of lantern peppers. The DES of choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl-CA), with the highest CAP yield (8.25 mg/g) was screened. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the ChCl-CA formed hydrogen bonds through -COOH of CA and N+Cl- of ChCl. Furthermore, the CAP preferred the diffusion of ChCl during the extraction of CAP, which indicated that ChCl played a better solvent role in the DES via molecular dynamics. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed capsaicin (65.02 %) as the major compound in the extracts. Notably, DES-extracted CAP had excellent antioxidant activity and provided enhanced inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, this study will provide a reference for the future use of DES in the extraction of other alkaloids, either in the laboratory or the industry.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Antioxidant activity; Capsaicinoids; Deep eutectic solvent; Density functional theory; Molecular dynamics.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / isolation & purification
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / chemistry
  • Antioxidants / isolation & purification
  • Capsaicin* / chemistry
  • Capsicum* / chemistry
  • Deep Eutectic Solvents* / chemistry
  • Escherichia coli* / drug effects
  • Female
  • Placenta / chemistry
  • Placenta / metabolism
  • Plant Extracts* / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts* / isolation & purification
  • Staphylococcus aureus* / drug effects

Substances

  • Capsaicin
  • Plant Extracts
  • Deep Eutectic Solvents
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antioxidants