CKIP-1 inhibits M2 macrophage polarization to suppress the progression of gastric cancer by inactivating JAK/STAT3 signaling

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequently occurring malignancy with poor prognosis. Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) is a PH domain-containing protein implicated in regulating tumorigenesis and macrophage homeostasis. This study aimed to elucidate the role and potential mechanism of CKIP-1 in the progression of GC. CKIP-1 expression in GC tumor and para-carcinoma tissues was detected using RT-qPCR. Then, human monocyte cell line THP-1 was treated with PMA, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 to induce M2-polarized macrophages. CD206, arginase-1 (Arg-1) and transforming growth factorβ1 (TGFβ1) expression in M2-polarized macrophages with or without CKIP-1 overexpression was evaluated. Moreover, GC cell lines (MKN45 and HGC27 cells) were co-cultured with CKIP-1-overexpressed M2-polarized macrophages, and the viability, migration and invasion of GC cells were measured. Additionally, immunoblotting assessed the expression of JAK/STAT3 signaling-related proteins and STAT3 agonist Colivelin was used to treat GC cells to perform the rescue experiments to analyze the changes of malignant phenotypes of GC cells. Results showed that CKIP-1 was downregulated in GC tissues and M2-polarized macrophages. CKIP-1 overexpression inhibited M2 macrophage polarization and decreased TGFβ1 secretion. Besides, elevated CKIP-1 expression in M2-polarized macrophages inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of GC cells. Furthermore, CKIP-1 overexpression inactivated JAK2/STAT3 signaling in GC cells by inhibiting TGFβ1 level. Specifically, Colivelin treatment abrogated the influences of CKIP-1 upregulation on the malignant phenotypes of GC cells. Collectively, CKIP-1 inhibits M2 macrophage polarization to suppress the progression of GC by inactivating JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Keywords: CKIP-1; Gastric cancer; JAK/STAT3 signaling; M2 macrophage polarization; TGFβ1.