The dawn of preventing respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in children

S Afr Med J. 2024 Oct 8;114(10):e2582.

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the commonest cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children, particularly those aged <1 year. In South Africa (SA), increased hospitalisation rates during the RSV season, including access to intensive care facilities, place a huge burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, RSV-LRTI during early childhood may lead to long-term respiratory sequelae, including recurrent wheezing, asthma, and impairment of lung function. Recently, two new RSV prevention strategies have emerged: nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, and a maternal RSV vaccine. Both strategies have shown high efficacy in reducing RSV-LRTI hospitalisation in infants and are being considered for licensure in SA. Implementation of these prevention strategies, combined with public engagement and collaboration between stakeholders, could significantly reduce RSV-related morbidity and mortality in SA.

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* / prevention & control
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / prevention & control
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
  • South Africa / epidemiology

Substances

  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
  • Antiviral Agents