Challenges of using the test-negative design to measure vaccine effectiveness of multi-pathogen combination vaccines targeting one syndrome

Vaccine. 2025 Jan 12:44:126520. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126520. Epub 2024 Nov 12.

Authors

Sara S Kim¹, Maria Garcia Quesada², Pragati V Prasad², Kristin N Nelson², Benjamin A Lopman², Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: sara.kim2@emory.edu.
² Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

PMID: 39537464
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126520

No abstract available

Keywords: Combination vaccines; Test-negative design; Vaccine effectiveness.

Grants and funding

R01 AI148127/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States