1 Division of Clinical Informatics and Digital Transformation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA. Julia.adler-milstein@ucsf.edu.
2 Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA.
3 Division of Clinical Informatics and Digital Transformation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.