This systematic review aimed to identify studies that have created ultrasound-able models for resident procedural training by means of 3D-printing techniques and examine their tissue specific properties. There were 456 articles identified from 3 databases, of which, 35 studies were assessed for eligibility, and 11 total studies were included. All qualitative studies showed improvements in procedural skills and 89% of the quantitative studies showed significant results. Studies that documented modeling price showed a 90% reduction in fabrication cost compared to commercial models. Three-dimensional-printed, ultrasound-able models have the potential to provide trainees with low-cost, high-fidelity training opportunities.
Keywords: 3D printing; anthropomorphic phantom; graduate medical education; simulation‐based medical education; ultrasound.
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.