Effectiveness of Mindfulness on Student Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nurs Health Sci. 2024 Dec;26(4):e70003. doi: 10.1111/nhs.70003.

Abstract

Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological issues experienced by students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness has been suggested as a potential solution to these issues; however, limited studies have evaluated its effectiveness. This study aimed to synthesize experimental studies that measure the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing student anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive systematic search across 11 databases was conducted from inception to September 9, 2024. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. A random-effects model with a standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed to determine the effect sizes. Thirty-one experimental studies reported on anxiety, and 24 reported on depression. The overall effect size was moderately significant for reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.71, 95% CI = -1.02 to -0.39, p < 0.0001) and depression (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.81 to -0.25, p = 0.0002). These findings can inform policies regarding the application of mindfulness for students facing psychological challenges due to educational-related crises. Further high-quality studies are essential to determine the true impact of mindfulness.

Keywords: COVID‐19; anxiety; depression; meta‐analysis; mindfulness; student.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety* / psychology
  • Anxiety* / therapy
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • COVID-19* / psychology
  • COVID-19* / rehabilitation
  • Depression* / psychology
  • Depression* / therapy
  • Humans
  • Mindfulness* / methods
  • Pandemics / prevention & control
  • Students / psychology
  • Students / statistics & numerical data