Four-dimensional Cardiac Modelling of Multiphase Computed Tomography for Predicting Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Can J Cardiol. 2025 May;41(5):959-969. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.12.008. Epub 2024 Dec 10.

Abstract

Background: Multiphase computed tomography angiography (mpCTA) is routinely performed prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to determine eligibility and enable preprocedural planning. Incremental prognostic value may be realized from full-cycle, multiphase reconstructions to assess the contractile health of the cardiac chambers. In this study we assessed the feasibility of 4-dimensional chamber modelling of the left ventricle (LV) to support 3-dimensional minimum principal strain (3DminPS)-based predictions of clinical outcomes after TAVR.

Methods: Two hundred five patients undergoing pre-TAVR mpCTA were studied. UNet-based 3D chamber segmentation was followed by mesh modelling and 3D feature tracking-based deformation to determine global 3DminPS for endocardial, epicardial, and transmural layers. Independent associations of 3DminPS with the primary outcome of heart failure hospitalization or death are described.

Results: Of the 205 patients studied, 196 (96%) had analyzable mpCTAs (median age, 85 years; 55% male; Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score = 3.10; 60.0% echocardiographic LV ejection fraction). At a median of 25 months after TAVR, 55 patients (28%) experienced the primary outcome. After adjustment for baseline variables, patients with an endocardial 3DminPS amplitude worse than -23.7% experienced a 2.7-fold higher risk of the outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.1; P = 0.001), with this high-risk cohort having 1- and 3-year event rates of 32% and 49%, respectively.

Conclusions: Four-dimensional chamber modelling of mpCTA using UNet-based segmentation and standardized mesh deformation is feasible and enables delivery of 3D deformation markers with strong prognostic value for the prediction of outcomes after TAVR. Prospective validation in a multicentre setting is currently being undertaken.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis* / diagnosis
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis* / surgery
  • Computed Tomography Angiography* / methods
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography* / methods
  • Heart Ventricles* / diagnostic imaging
  • Heart Ventricles* / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / methods