A Nattokinase-Loaded Nanozyme for Alleviating Acute Myocardial Infarction via Thrombolysis and Antioxidation

Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Mar;14(8):e2402763. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202402763. Epub 2024 Dec 15.

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) induced by thrombus formation is a prevalent cardiovascular disorder, and thrombolytic therapy continues to be a principal treatment modality. Prior research indicates a substantial association among MI, thrombosis, and the activation of oxidative stress pathways. The effectiveness of current thrombolytic drugs is relatively constrained, and the need for innovative and versatile thrombolytic medications remains critical. Nattokinase (NK) is a naturally-occurring enzyme known for its thrombolytic characteristics. Nonetheless, nattokinase's limited stability and susceptibility to inactivation in biological systems have impeded its clinical utility. This study designs a manganese oxide nanozyme (MnOx) loaded with NK (MnOx@NK), which exhibits both antioxidant and thrombolytic function. The administration of MnOx@NK through tail vein injection significantly restores vascular function and further reduces myocardial injury in a mouse model of myocardial infarction, demonstrating a pronounced protective effect against oxidative stress. These findings indicate that nattokinase-loaded nanozymes can be a promising approach for treating acute myocardial infarction, providing a new strategy for clinical application.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; antioxidant; nanozyme; nattokinase; thrombolysis.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants* / chemistry
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants* / therapeutic use
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Fibrinolytic Agents* / chemistry
  • Fibrinolytic Agents* / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Manganese Compounds / chemistry
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Myocardial Infarction* / drug therapy
  • Myocardial Infarction* / metabolism
  • Myocardial Infarction* / pathology
  • Nanoparticles* / chemistry
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Oxides / chemistry
  • Subtilisins* / chemistry
  • Subtilisins* / pharmacology
  • Subtilisins* / therapeutic use
  • Thrombolytic Therapy* / methods

Substances

  • nattokinase
  • Antioxidants
  • Subtilisins
  • Oxides
  • Manganese Compounds
  • manganese oxide
  • Fibrinolytic Agents