Marcks overexpression in retinal ganglion cells promotes optic nerve regeneration

Cell Death Dis. 2024 Dec 18;15(12):906. doi: 10.1038/s41419-024-07281-6.

Abstract

Regeneration of injured central nervous system (CNS) axons is highly restricted, leading to permanent neurological deficits. The myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a membrane-associated protein kinase C (PKC) substrate ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells, plays critical roles in development, brain plasticity, and tissues regeneration. However, little is known about the role of Marcks in CNS axon regeneration. Here we show that Marcks overexpression promotes robust axon regeneration either before or after optic nerve crush, but insignificantly impacts neuronal survival. Notably, immunostaining and RNA sequencing demonstrate that Marcks overexpression does not affect known regeneration-associated genes and pathways. Furthermore, combining CNTF which activates the JAK-STAT3 pathway and Marcks overexpression further enhances axon regeneration. Finally, we demonstrate functionally essential effector domain (ED) of MARCKS has similar effects on inducing axon regeneration in RGCs. These results suggest that manipulating Marcks and its ED may become a therapeutic approach to promote axon regeneration after CNS injury.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Axons* / metabolism
  • Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / genetics
  • Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / metabolism
  • Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate* / genetics
  • Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate* / metabolism
  • Nerve Regeneration*
  • Optic Nerve Injuries* / genetics
  • Optic Nerve Injuries* / metabolism
  • Optic Nerve Injuries* / pathology
  • Optic Nerve* / metabolism
  • Optic Nerve* / pathology
  • Rats
  • Retinal Ganglion Cells* / metabolism
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate
  • Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor
  • Marcks protein, mouse
  • Marcks protein, rat