Circulating T Cell Subsets in Type 1 Diabetes

Cells. 2025 Jan 4;14(1):48. doi: 10.3390/cells14010048.

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex disease driven by the immune system attacking the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Understanding the role of different T cell subpopulations in the development and progression of T1D is crucial. By employing flow cytometry to compare the characteristics of T cells, we can pinpoint potential indicators of treatment response or therapeutic inefficacy. Our study reveals elevated prolactin (PRL) levels in T1D patients, along with a decreased production of key cytokines. Additionally, PD1 appears to play a significant role in T1D. Notably, PRL levels correlate with an earlier disease onset and a specific T cell phenotype, hinting at the potential influence of PRL. These findings highlight the need for further research to identify promising cellular targets for more effective and tailored therapies.

Keywords: PD1; PRL; T cells; type 1 diabetes.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / immunology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / pathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / metabolism
  • Prolactin* / metabolism
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Prolactin
  • Cytokines
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
  • PDCD1 protein, human