Constructs across a hierarchical, dimensional model of psychopathology show differential associations with social and general cognitive ability

PLoS One. 2025 Jan 22;20(1):e0317377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317377. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Many psychiatric disorders and associated psychopathology dimensions are related to social cognitive deficits and reduced general cognitive ability. The current study applied a hierarchical, dimensional approach to better understand associations among psychopathology, social cognition, and general cognitive ability. Data were collected from two samples (n = 653), including psychosis-spectrum patients, their first-degree relatives, and individuals from community sources. Participants completed dimensional psychopathology measures and social cognition tasks (e.g., emotion perception and mentalizing). Data were analyzed using bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling. Detachment-a psychopathology dimension conceptually linked to social functioning-was associated with worse social cognition, independent of general cognitive ability. Eccentricity and Machiavellianism were associated with better social cognition and general cognitive ability. Findings-and the hierarchical, dimensional approach employed-will be useful in informing future research on and interventions for social dysfunction.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cognition* / physiology
  • Emotions / physiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / psychology
  • Middle Aged
  • Psychopathology
  • Social Cognition*
  • Young Adult