Presenteeism Caused by Health Conditions and Its Economic Impacts Among Japanese Workers in the Post-COVID-19 Era

J Occup Environ Med. 2025 Apr 1;67(4):e227-e232. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003319. Epub 2025 Jan 16.

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the common health conditions leading to presenteeism and the economic impact among Japanese workers in the post-COVID-19 era.

Methods: Between February and March 2023, 10,000 workers responded to a web-based, cross-sectional survey on health problems that interfered with their work, degree of presenteeism, and teleworking status.

Results: Approximately 35.6% of workers faced health problems that impacted their work. The primary health problems leading to presenteeism were low back pain, neck pain/stiff shoulders, and mental illness, which varied slightly with age and work style. The estimated annual costs due to presenteeism per 1000 employees were $488,210 for low back pain, $346,308 for neck pain/stiff shoulders, and $327,137 for mental illness.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that presenteeism measures, primarily for musculoskeletal pain and mental health problems, are required to increase work productivity.

Keywords: cost; health problem; presenteeism; productivity; worker.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • East Asian People
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Low Back Pain / economics
  • Low Back Pain / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / economics
  • Mental Disorders / epidemiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Neck Pain / economics
  • Neck Pain / epidemiology
  • Presenteeism* / economics
  • Presenteeism* / statistics & numerical data
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Teleworking / statistics & numerical data
  • Young Adult

Supplementary concepts

  • Japanese people