Towards developing multistrain PEDV vaccines: Integrating basic concepts and SARS-CoV-2 pan-sarbecovirus strategies

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a major pathogen impacting the global pig industry, with outbreaks causing significant financial losses. The genetic variability of PEDV has posed challenges for vaccine development since its identification in the 1970s, a problem that intensified with its global emergence in the 2010s. Since current vaccines provide limited cross-protection against PEDV strains, and the development of multistrain PEDV vaccines remains an underexplored area of research, there is an urgent need for improved vaccine solutions. The rapid development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and ongoing pan-sarbecovirus vaccine research, have demonstrated the potential of next-generation vaccine platforms and novel antigen design strategies. These advancements offer valuable insights for the development of multistrain PEDV vaccines. This review summarizes key aspects of PEDV virology and explores multistrain vaccine development considering SARS-CoV-2 vaccine innovations, proposing a framework for developing next-generation PEDV vaccine solutions.

Keywords: Antigen design; Broadly protective vaccines; Coronavirus; Multistrain vaccines; Neutralizing antibodies; Next-generation vaccines; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV); SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein (S protein); Vaccine platforms.