Maternal obesity associates with altered humoral immunity in blood and colostrum

Mucosal Immunol. 2025 Apr;18(2):491-499. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2025.01.007. Epub 2025 Jan 25.

Abstract

Maternal obesity is a condition with increasing prevalence worldwide, that correlates with negative infant outcomes. Here we performed an observational cross-sectional study, where peripheral blood and colostrum samples from 37 mothers with BMI between 18.5-25 or > 30 kg/m2 (21 and 16 mothers, respectively) were collected 24-48 h postpartum. B lymphocyte subpopulations were investigated using flow cytometry. IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations, and antibody production from colostrum-resident B cells were quantified. Overall, naïve B lymphocytes were the most abundant subtype in peripheral blood, while CD27-IgD- double-negative B cells were the most frequent in colostrum. The colostrum from mothers with BMI > 30 kg/m2 contained significantly more IgG-secreting colostrum-resident B cells, more total IgG, and less total IgA. Mothers with BMI > 30 kg/m2 who had been vaccinated with the Pfizer BioNTech bivalent vaccine during the third trimester of pregnancy (n = 8) did not show higher IgA or IgG antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 RBD in either tissue types compared to unvaccinated mothers, contrasting with mother of BMI between 18.5-25 kg/m2 (n = 7). This is the first characterization of B lymphocyte subpopulations and antibodies in the colostrum of mothers with obesity. This work uncovers maternal obesity as a possible modifier of humoral immune components in colostrum.

Keywords: Antibodies; B lymphocytes; Colostrum; IgA; IgG; Obesity.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • B-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
  • B-Lymphocytes* / immunology
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / immunology
  • COVID-19* / immunology
  • Colostrum* / immunology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Humoral*
  • Immunoglobulin A
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Obesity* / blood
  • Obesity* / immunology
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy in Obesity* / blood
  • Pregnancy in Obesity* / immunology
  • SARS-CoV-2* / immunology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • Immunoglobulin A
  • Immunoglobulin G