The selective incorporation of phosphorus groups into sugar molecules holds substantial synthetic and biological significance, yet this area of research remains largely unexplored. In this study, we successfully devised a novel method employing an efficient Fe(III) catalyst for achieving site/regioselective phosphorylation/phosphinoylation of carbohydrates. This methodology boasts several merits, including mild reaction conditions, the employment of cost-effective and readily available catalysts, and exceptional selectivity. This approach provides new perspectives and valuable tools for the functional modification of sugar molecules.