Safety and tolerability of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and kidney failure; a cohort study

Ren Fail. 2025 Dec;47(1):2466823. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2025.2466823. Epub 2025 Feb 19.

Abstract

Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure were excluded from clinical trials that led to approval of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for COVID-19. Between November 2022 and February 2024 there were 100 patients with advanced CKD (N = 81) or kidney failure (N = 19) who received either molnupiravir (N = 40) or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (N = 60) for COVID-19 within a large healthcare network. Ten (10%) patients were hospitalized within 30 days; 5 hospitalizations were COVID-19 related and 5 were unrelated to COVID-19. Adverse events documented in the electronic health record were uncommon and all were mild to moderate (grade 1 or 2). Despite use of numerous concomitant medications known to interact with nirmaltrelvir/ritonavir, we found no adverse events attributed to a drug-drug interaction. All patients survived >30 days and 3 (3%) died prior to 90 days. Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced CKD and kidney failure.

Keywords: Antiviral; COVID‑19; chronic kidney disease; kidney failure; molnupiravir; nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antiviral Agents* / adverse effects
  • Antiviral Agents* / therapeutic use
  • COVID-19 / complications
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cytidine* / adverse effects
  • Cytidine* / analogs & derivatives
  • Cytidine* / therapeutic use
  • Drug Combinations
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydroxylamines* / administration & dosage
  • Hydroxylamines* / adverse effects
  • Hydroxylamines* / therapeutic use
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic* / complications
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Morpholines / adverse effects
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / complications
  • Ritonavir* / administration & dosage
  • Ritonavir* / adverse effects
  • Ritonavir* / therapeutic use
  • SARS-CoV-2

Substances

  • Ritonavir
  • molnupiravir
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Hydroxylamines
  • Cytidine
  • Drug Combinations
  • Morpholines