Eastern Africa Origin of SAT2 Topotype XIV Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Outbreaks, Western Asia, 2023

Emerg Infect Dis. 2025 Feb;31(2):368-372. doi: 10.3201/eid3102.240395.

Abstract

We describe detection of SAT2 topotype XIV foot-and-mouth disease viruses in western Asia during 2022-2023. Sequences show the viruses originated in eastern Africa and were introduced into western Asia on >1 occasion. The rapid spread in naive animals highlights risks for onward transmission and potential endemicity in Asia.

Keywords: eastern Africa; foot-and-mouth disease; molecular epidemiology; real-time RT-PCR; serotype SAT2; viruses; western Asia.

MeSH terms

  • Africa, Eastern / epidemiology
  • Animals
  • Asia, Western / epidemiology
  • Cattle
  • Disease Outbreaks* / veterinary
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus* / classification
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus* / genetics
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease* / epidemiology
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease* / history
  • Foot-and-Mouth Disease* / virology
  • Phylogeny