Extracorporeal CO2 removal in severe respiratory acidotic intubated patients: A seven year experience observational study

Respir Med. 2025 Apr-May:240:108011. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108011. Epub 2025 Feb 23.

Abstract

Severe hypercapnia increases the risk of non-protective ventilation and is associated with high mortality in critically ill patients. In this study we assess the use of low-flow extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) integrated into a renal platform and the factors related to patient outcome in a tertiary university hospital. Data from 73 patients with severe respiratory acidosis (pCO2 > 60 mmHg and Ph < 7.25 for more than 3 h) at risk for ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), were analysed. The median duration of the therapy was 96 h (IQR 58 to 163). We observed that early use of ECCO2R (within 6h from meeting treatment criteria) was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (54.5 vs 77.5 %, p = 0.038) and a non-significant reduction in the duration of ECCO2R therapy, mechanical ventilation days, ICU length of stay and need for tracheostomy. Adverse events were found in 7 % of the patients, with no cases of major bleeding. A significant shorter mean life was observed for larger membranes (1.8 m2) in respect to 0.35 and 0.8 m2. We conclude that ECCO2R integrated into renal platforms is a feasible and safe technique in severe respiratory acidosis when there is risk for VILI.

Keywords: Acidosis; Artificial; Critical care; ECCO(2)R; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Respiration; Respiratory.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Acidosis, Respiratory* / mortality
  • Acidosis, Respiratory* / therapy
  • Aged
  • Carbon Dioxide* / blood
  • Critical Illness
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypercapnia* / therapy
  • Intubation, Intratracheal / adverse effects
  • Length of Stay
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Respiration, Artificial / adverse effects
  • Respiration, Artificial / methods
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury / etiology
  • Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury / prevention & control

Substances

  • Carbon Dioxide