R-loop homeostasis in genome dynamics, gene expression and development

Paula Aguilera; Andrés Aguilera

doi:10.1016/j.gde.2025.102325

R-loop homeostasis in genome dynamics, gene expression and development

Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2025 Mar 4:92:102325. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2025.102325. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Paula Aguilera¹, Andrés Aguilera²

Affiliations

¹ Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/Aguilera_P_90.
² Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain. Electronic address: aguilo@us.es.

PMID: 40043343
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2025.102325

Abstract

R-loops are double-edge swords with functional roles that in many cases constitute a threat to genome integrity and gene expression with relevant consequences in cell physiology and development. A number of factors have evolved to control R-loop homeostasis by acting at the levels of R-loop prevention, resolution, or the repair of the R-loop-induced DNA lesion. Deciphering the role of R-loops generated under different stresses and the plethora of processes controlling their homeostasis has become crucial to evaluate their impact in cell physiology and the biological significance of their association with development and disease. Here, we review publications of the last 2 years that help understand their biological role.

Publication types

Review