Future direction of animal alternative/microphysiological systems in drug discovery and development

Affiliations

• ¹ Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. Electronic address: arakawa@p.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
• ² Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Synthetic Human Body System, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. Electronic address: kazuo.takayama@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp.