Healthy Diet Consumption Among Chronic Pain Populations: A Concept Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: Given emerging evidence that healthy dietary interventions are effective long-term strategies for managing chronic pain, this review aimed to define, elucidate, and describe the concept of a healthy diet in the context of chronic pain populations.

Design: We used Walker and Avant's concept analysis method.

Method: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus with full-text, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed primary articles on diet and chronic pain, published from June 2013 to June 2024. Key search terms included "diet" AND "chronic pain or pain."

Results: Twenty-eight primary articles met our eligibility criteria following full-text reviews. In chronic pain, healthy diet attributes (i.e., nutrient density, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation) caused by antecedents (i.e., diet and pain assessments) result in consequences like reduced pain intensity and improved quality of life. Therefore, a healthy diet in chronic pain consists of nutrient-dense foods (fruits, vegetables, healthy fats and low calories) that possess strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are essential for optimizing health, alleviating pain, and enhancing overall quality of life.

Conclusion: A healthy diet is essential for pain relief and improving the quality of life in individuals with chronic pain.

Implications: Healthcare providers should incorporate individualized culturally appropriate dietary preferences, food intolerance, and food allergy alternatives in dietary interventions. Also, there is a need for tailored dietary interventions for individuals living with chronic pain. Future studies should explore mechanisms through which diet affects pain outcomes.

Keywords: Anti-inflammation; Chronic pain; Healthy diet; Mediterranean diet; Walker and Avant's concept analysis.