Clinical, molecular, and resistance features of Listeria monocytogenes in non-perinatal patients with listeriosis: 8-year retrospective data from four tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China

PeerJ. 2025 Mar 11:13:e19126. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19126. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Background: Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), is a severe infectious disease with high hospitalization and fatality rates. Urgent epidemiological studies on this disease with geographic variability are needed, particularly in developing countries.

Methods: This study included non-perinatal patients with listeriosis from four tertiary centers in Shandong, China. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were collected retrospectively over 8 years (2015-2022).

Results: Among 292,254 non-perinatal patients, 27 listeriosis cases were identified, resulting in an incidence of nine cases per 100,000 admissions. Patients had a median age of 56 years, with 66.7% having comorbidities. Fever was the most common symptom (88.9%), and 44.4% had central nervous system involvement. Most patients (26/24; 96.3%) received antibiotics, 37.0% received monotherapy and 59.3% combination therapy. The mortality rate was 22.2%. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 25 strains were sensitive to most antibiotics. Multilocus sequence typing revealed nine sequence types (ST), predominantly ST8 (44.4%), and serogroup 1/2a is the most common serogroup (66.7%).

Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the clinical and molecular features of L. monocytogenes in non-perinatal patients with listeriosis. The findings demonstrated the predominance of serogroup 1/2a and ST8. Despite low resistance and appropriate treatment, listeriosis remains associated with a significant mortality rate, emphasizing the need for timely diagnosis and effective management strategies.

Keywords: Infection; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Molecular feature; Non-perinatal patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use
  • China / epidemiology
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Listeria monocytogenes* / drug effects
  • Listeria monocytogenes* / genetics
  • Listeria monocytogenes* / isolation & purification
  • Listeriosis* / drug therapy
  • Listeriosis* / epidemiology
  • Listeriosis* / microbiology
  • Listeriosis* / mortality
  • Male
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Middle Aged
  • Multilocus Sequence Typing
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tertiary Care Centers
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents