Optimizing starch-free arabinogalactan-rich taro nanomucilage: Green experimental design, structural elucidation, amino acid profiling, and biological properties

Mansuri M Tosif; Aarti Bains; Prince Chawla; Surinder Paul; Poonam Kumari; Sanju Bala Dhull; Nemat Ali; Gulden Goksen

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143731

Optimizing starch-free arabinogalactan-rich taro nanomucilage: Green experimental design, structural elucidation, amino acid profiling, and biological properties

Food Chem. 2025 Jul 1:479:143731. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143731. Epub 2025 Mar 5.

Authors

Mansuri M Tosif¹, Aarti Bains², Prince Chawla¹, Surinder Paul³, Poonam Kumari⁴, Sanju Bala Dhull⁵, Nemat Ali⁶, Gulden Goksen⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
² Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
³ ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Himachal Pasturelands, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
⁴ Division of Agrotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
⁵ Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India.
⁶ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey.

PMID: 40120209
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143731

Abstract

This study primarily emphasized on extracting the Colocasia esculenta rhizome mucilage (CEM) using different green extraction methods including cold-water extraction (CWE), hot water extraction (HWE), and microwave-assisted water extraction (MWE). The yield of CEM was calculated on a wet basis and MWE exhibited a higher yield (18.47 ± 0.19 %) compared to HWE (14.08 ± 0.31 %) and CWE (4.22 ± 0.25 %). Based on the absence of starch in extracted mucilage the CWE method was used to optimize spray-drying conditions. CEM showed Newtonian behavior and contained arabinose, galactose, glucose, and different amino acids. FTIR data confirmed the presence of various functional groups and exhibited excellent techno-functional characteristics. CEM revealed expectational thermal stability and the average particle size was under the nano scale (218.9 ± 5.19 nm). It was determined that CEM showed potential anti-microbial activity and anti-inflammatory efficiency. Overall, CEM is rich in arabinogalactan and possesses diverse biological activities with inherent functional properties.

Keywords: Anti-microbial; Green extraction; Mucilage; Polysaccharides; Spray-drying.

Publication types

Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

Amino Acids* / chemistry
Chemical Fractionation* / methods
Colocasia* / chemistry
Galactans* / chemistry
Galactans* / isolation & purification
Galactans* / pharmacology
Green Chemistry Technology* / methods
Plant Extracts* / chemistry
Plant Extracts* / isolation & purification
Plant Extracts* / pharmacology
Plant Mucilage* / chemistry
Plant Mucilage* / isolation & purification
Plant Mucilage* / pharmacology
Rhizome / chemistry
Starch / chemistry

Substances

Amino Acids
Galactans
arabinogalactan
Plant Extracts
Starch
Plant Mucilage