The newest results of transplantation in diabetic nephropathy (diabetics type I) of the world were described according to the data of the EDTA and after the symposium in The Hague. Own experience in the field of transplantation carried out in diabetics needing insulin with terminal renal failure were critically evaluated. The investigations in several centres of the GDR concerning the decompensation of diabetic nephropathy show that it is necessary to perform a three- to six-month creatinine control in long-term diabetics from the 15th year of the disease and from a serum value of 200 mumol/l to carry out in good time a common diabetological and nephrological control with test concerning the fitness for a kidney transplantation. Only by this means the conditions for an improvement of the consequence of transplantation may be achieved.