Allogeneic transplantation for CML blast phase: Learnings over last decade from a single centre in North India

Ann Hematol. 2025 Apr;104(4):2483-2493. doi: 10.1007/s00277-025-06350-w. Epub 2025 Apr 15.

Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukemia in the blast phase (BP-CML) remains challenging despite advancements in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study retrospectively assessed BP-CML patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) from June 2009 to December 2022. Thirty-three patients were included and the median age was 41 years, with a predominantly male cohort. Myeloablative conditioning and peripheral blood stem cells were used in the majority of the patients. The estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) was 48.3% of the cohort. Relapse occurred in 48.5% of patients, typically within 3 months post-transplant. Post-transplant TKI maintenance showed a significant association with improved OS (p-value = 0.001). The study highlights the need for early intervention and optimized post-transplant maintenance to improve outcomes.

Keywords: Allo-SCT; Blast phase; CML; India; Real-world; TKI.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Allografts
  • Blast Crisis* / mortality
  • Blast Crisis* / therapy
  • Female
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation*
  • Humans
  • India / epidemiology
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / mortality
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate
  • Transplantation Conditioning / methods
  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors