Quantitative data on postoperative complaints and complications after removal of the mandibular third molar, especially in relation to the different methods of treatment, are scarce. Mostly an objective approach is lacking. The present study attempts to provide such data and their clinical consequences. Within 1 year, 932 mandibular third molars were removed; 430 extractions served as a control group for 502 surgical removals. The procedure was fully standardized and all measurements objectively obtained. A computer was used for statistical evaluation. It appeared from this study that the possibility of postoperative complaints and complications will be smaller if the wound is not packed, if tight suturing is not done and if reflection of the mucoperiosteum is avoided. If reflection is inevitable the oblique vertical relaxing incision is preferred. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics is rejected.