Revisiting the Pediatric Neurosurgical Workforce: An Update After 15 Years and Analysis of Generational Change

Logan Muzyka; Leeat Granek; Natalie Limoges; Jessica Lane; Bryan Lei; Susan R Durham

doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000003448

Revisiting the Pediatric Neurosurgical Workforce: An Update After 15 Years and Analysis of Generational Change

Neurosurgery. 2025 Apr 17. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003448. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Logan Muzyka¹, Leeat Granek², Natalie Limoges³, Jessica Lane⁴, Bryan Lei⁵, Susan R Durham⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
² York University, School of Health Policy and Management, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
³ Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California, USA.
⁴ Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
⁵ Biostatistics and Data Management Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

PMID: 40243312
DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003448

Abstract

Background and objectives: The landscape of medicine has undergone significant changes with shifting generational values. Studies are increasingly looking into factors such as work-life balance and diversity in neurosurgery, but few have considered these trends in pediatric neurosurgery. This study investigated the changes in the pediatric neurosurgical workforce over the past 15 years and highlighted generational differences in demographics, practice patterns, and values.

Methods: Databases were compiled using neurosurgical societies to identify current pediatric neurosurgeons. A 36-question survey was administered, and responses were collected for a 6-month period ending in February 2023. Responses were compared between age groups (<45 years, 45-54 years, 55+ years). Results from this survey were compared with a previous survey performed in 2008.

Results: Four hundred ninety-five pediatric neurosurgeons received the 2023 survey (response rate: 49%, 241/495). 172 pediatric neurosurgeons were identified after excluding 69 respondents whose practice was not >75% pediatric. Compared with the 2008 cohort, the 2023 cohort were more likely to be female (P < .001), have American Board of Pediatric Neurological Surgery Society certifications (P < .001), and have complete pediatric fellowships (P < .001). The 2023 cohort also had lower case volumes (P < .001), worked fewer hours per week (P < .001), were more inclined to grow their practice (P < .001) when compared with the 2008 cohort. Younger neurosurgeons (<45 years) had more frequent call schedules (P = .03) and were more likely to anticipate retiring by the age of 65 years (P < .001) compared with neurosurgeons aged older than 55 years.

Conclusion: These results reveal a generational shift in the pediatric neurosurgical workforce, suggesting how the field may continue to evolve in the coming decades. Understanding these changes is essential for addressing future challenges in the workforce.

Keywords: Gender diversity; Generation Z; Generational shift; Millennial; Neurosurgical subspecialty; Pediatric fellowships; Pediatric neurosurgery; Work-life balance; Workforce demographics.

Abstract

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