Amidst the mounting environmental crises and ever-increasing global population, the quest for sustainable food production and resource utilization solutions has taken center stage. Microalgae, with Chlorella species at the forefront, present a promising avenue. They serve as a bountiful protein source and can be conveniently grown in waste streams, thereby tackling food security, environmental sustainability, and economic feasibility. This article embarks on a comprehensive journey through recent research on Chlorella by shedding light on its unique characteristics, its market value, cultivation techniques, and harvesting methods. It also delves into traditional and innovative extraction methods, underscoring the hurdles and breakthroughs in achieving high protein yields from the Chlorella biomass. Moreover, exploration of the protein's nutritional properties, bioactive peptides, and techno-functional attributes, enhance its potential for food applications. Further, this review also examines current market trends in consumer acceptance of this alternative protein and discusses strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in their production. By providing invaluable insights into the current status and future prospects of Chlorella protein, it aspires to make a significant contribution to the ongoing dialogue on sustainable food production and resource management.
Keywords: Bioactive peptides; consumer behavior; microalgae cultivation; protein characterization; sustainability.