Update on Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Zahra Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi; Pouria Yazdian Anari; Ashkan A Malayeri; Boris Naraev; Jaydira Del Rivero

doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2025.01.009

Update on Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Urol Clin North Am. 2025 May;52(2):275-286. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2025.01.009. Epub 2025 Mar 13.

Authors

Zahra Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi¹, Pouria Yazdian Anari², Ashkan A Malayeri³, Boris Naraev⁴, Jaydira Del Rivero⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
² Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Transitional Year Department, Garnet Health Medical Center, Middletown, New Work, NY 10940, USA.
³ Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
⁴ Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
⁵ Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: jaydira.delrivero@nih.gov.

PMID: 40250894
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2025.01.009

Abstract

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive form of cancer that originates from the adrenal glands. It displays a dual age distribution pattern, with a higher occurrence during early childhood around the average age of 3.2 years, and a second peak in the fourth and fifth decades of adulthood. The diagnosis of ACC requires a multifaceted approach, with accurate risk assessment being crucial for effective treatment planning. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of ACC, encompassing its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognostic factors, and treatment methodologies.

Keywords: Adrenal glands; Adrenocortical carcinoma; Adulthood; Cancer; Pathology.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms* / diagnosis
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms* / epidemiology
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms* / therapy
Adrenocortical Carcinoma* / diagnosis
Adrenocortical Carcinoma* / epidemiology
Adrenocortical Carcinoma* / therapy
Humans
Prognosis