Safety and Efficacy of Intravascular Lithotripsy in Calcified Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2025 Jul;106(1):336-348. doi: 10.1002/ccd.31554. Epub 2025 Apr 24.

Abstract

Background: Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for the management of calcified coronary lesions. The effectiveness and safety of IVL specifically in the context of left main disease remains uncertain and limited. We performed a meta-analysis to consolidate existing data.

Methods: Online databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane were searched for studies using IVL during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of calcified left main disease. The outcomes of interest were procedural success, procedural complications and cardiovascular (CV) events. Pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results: A total of 10 studies with 435 patients (mean age 73.1 years, 73.1% males) were included. The pooled outcomes were procedural success 98.8% (95% CI 95.58-100), perforation 0.02% (95% CI 0.00-0.87), major dissection 0.87% (95% CI 0.00-3.97), slow-flow/no-reflow 0.27% (95% CI 0.00-1.47) and abrupt vessel closure 0.01% (95% CI 0.00-1.01). In-hospital CV events were major adverse CV events (MACE) 2.14% (95% CI 0.64-4.21), death 0.96% (95% CI 0.00-2.98), CV death 0.46% (95% CI 0.00-2.17), myocardial infarction (MI) 0.94% (95% CI 0.04-2.56), stent thrombosis 0.99% (95% CI 0.00-6.14) and target vessel revascularization 0% (95% CI 0.00-0.32). Thirty-day outcomes were MACE 4.79% (95% CI 1.51-9.35), mortality 3.09% (95% CI 0.00-9.69) and MI 2.25% (95% CI 0.45-4.95).

Conclusions: Use of IVL during PCI of calcified left main disease is associated with a favorable procedural rates of success, with low risk of procedural complications and ischemic events.

Keywords: calcified coronary arteries; intravascular lithotripsy; left main disease.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / diagnostic imaging
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / mortality
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / therapy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lithotripsy* / adverse effects
  • Lithotripsy* / mortality
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / adverse effects
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / instrumentation
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / mortality
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vascular Calcification* / diagnostic imaging
  • Vascular Calcification* / mortality
  • Vascular Calcification* / therapy