Upscaling Perovskite Photovoltaics: from 156 cm2 Modules to 0.73 M2 Panels

Hafez Nikbakht; Paolo Mariani; Luigi Vesce; Francesco Di Giacomo; Enrico Leonardi; George Viskadouros; Emmanuel Spiliarotis; Konstantinos Rogdakis; Sara Pescetelli; Antonio Agresti; Sebastiano Bellani; Francesco Bonaccorso; Emmanuel Kymakis; Aldo Di Carlo

doi:10.1002/advs.202416316

Upscaling Perovskite Photovoltaics: from 156 cm² Modules to 0.73 M² Panels

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jun;12(22):e2416316. doi: 10.1002/advs.202416316. Epub 2025 Apr 26.

Authors

Hafez Nikbakht¹, Paolo Mariani¹, Luigi Vesce¹, Francesco Di Giacomo^{1

2}, Enrico Leonardi³, George Viskadouros^{4

5}, Emmanuel Spiliarotis⁴, Konstantinos Rogdakis^{4

6}, Sara Pescetelli¹, Antonio Agresti¹, Sebastiano Bellani⁷, Francesco Bonaccorso⁷, Emmanuel Kymakis^{4

6}, Aldo Di Carlo^{1

8}

Affiliations

¹ CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico1, Rome, 00133, Italy.
² Solertix via Eusebio, Chini 15, Rome, 00147, Italy.
³ GreatCell Solar Italia SRL, viale Castro Pretorio 122, Rome, 00185, Italy.
⁴ Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, GR71410, Greece.
⁵ Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Crete, 731 00, Greece.
⁶ Institute of Emerging Technologies, University Research and Innovation Center, HMU, Heraklion, Crete, 71410, Greece.
⁷ BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca, 30R, Genova, 16163, Italy.
⁸ Istituto di Struttura della Materia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma (CNR-ISM), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, 00133, Italy.

Abstract

This study tackles the challenge of upscaling perovskite solar modules (PSMs) to attain high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) suitable for industrial applications. Through systematic experimentation, a remarkable PCE of 17.68% for PSMs fabricated on a substrate with dimensions of 15.6 cm×15.6 cm is achieved. By refining the cell interconnection design, a geometric fill factor (GFF) of 96.4% is obtained, marking a significant milestone in bridging the performance gap between individual cells and modules. Building on this success, it is fabricated and tested large-area perovskite solar panels (PSPs) with an area of 0.73 m², integrating the optimized PSMs. This work not only demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale perovskite-based photovoltaic systems but also sets a new benchmark for the PCE and scalability of these technologies, paving the way for their practical application in renewable energy generation.

Keywords: perovskite solar modules; perovskite solar panel; photovoltaic; solar cell; up scaling.

Abstract

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