A Service Evaluation of the Operative Length of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Associated Procedures

Tomos Mather; Luka Jovanovic; Florence Bradshaw; Harshvir Grewal; Benjamin D Gompels; Simone Castagno; Tim Baker; Joel Melton; Arman Memarzadeh; Stephen McDonnell

doi:10.7759/cureus.81278

A Service Evaluation of the Operative Length of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Associated Procedures

Cureus. 2025 Mar 27;17(3):e81278. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81278. eCollection 2025 Mar.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, GBR.
² Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, GBR.
³ Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, GBR.
⁴ Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, GBR.
⁵ Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, GBR.

Abstract

Background The Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) initiative emphasises pathway efficiency to achieve optimal surgical outcomes. While anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is common, the factors influencing operative duration and their relationship with patient characteristics and outcomes remain poorly understood, especially concerning complex procedures such as lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET). Methodology This service evaluation analysed 157 ACL reconstructions at a major UK teaching hospital from 2019 to 2023. Procedures were categorised as isolated ACL reconstruction, ACL with meniscal repair, ACL with LET, or ACL and combined procedures. A multiple regression analysis evaluated predictors of operative time while assessing perioperative outcomes and readmission rates. Results Age independently predicted shorter operative times (-0.696 minutes/year, p = 0.005). LET procedures exhibited longer operative times but were mainly performed on younger, lower body mass index patients. An American Society of Anesthesiologists III status had an impact on the length of stay (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.440, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.276-0.704, p = 0.001), and ACL + LET procedures (HR = 0.466, 95% CI = 0.250-0.866, p = 0.016) were associated with significantly prolonged stays. Postoperative complications occurred in 6.4% (10/157) of cases, with significant age-related patterns observed. Affected patients were notably older (mean = 46.0 years, 95% CI = 39.2-52.8) compared to those without complications (mean = 26.6 years, 95% CI = 24.9-28.3). Conclusions This GIRFT-aligned analysis shows that age and procedure type significantly affect the duration of ACL reconstruction, highlighting distinct patterns in LET procedures. These findings indicate opportunities for optimising pathways through scheduling and procedure-specific postoperative protocols, particularly for complex cases.

Keywords: acl reconstruction; girft (getting it right first time); lateral extra-articular tenodesis (let); operative time; patient outcomes.