Objective: This study aims to examine the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration with the risk of sarcopenic obesity (SO) incidence.
Methods: We used the longitudinal observational data from the UK Biobank cohort to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of SO incidence (N = 46,535). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of SO incidence by sex.
Results: During the median follow-up of 8.74 (IQR 6.70-11.06) years, there were 1086 incident SO cases. After multivariable adjustment, compared with the lowest quartile group, the HRs (95% CI) for the second, third, and fourth quartile of 25(OH)D concentration in female individuals were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.53-0.82), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.41-0.67), and 0.43 (95%: 0.33-0.55), respectively (ptrend < 0.001). Similarly, in male individuals, the HRs (95% CI) for the second, third, and fourth quartile of 25(OH)D concentration were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.66-1.10), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56-0.92), and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.29-0.54), respectively (ptrend <0.001). A nonlinear association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of SO incidence was observed in female (pnonlinear = 0.043) and male (pnonlinear = 0.008) individuals using restricted cubic spline analysis.
Conclusions: Higher serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with a lower risk of SO incidence in a dose-response relationship.
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