Improving quality of mortality estimates among non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native people, 2020

Am J Epidemiol. 2026 Mar 5;195(3):736-747. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaf094.

Abstract

Racial misclassification on death certificates leads to inaccurate mortality data for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. We describe methods for correcting for racial misclassification among non-Hispanic AI/AN (NH-AI/AN) populations using data from the year 2020. We linked National Death Index records with the Indian Health Service (IHS) patient registration database to identify AI/AN decedents. Matches were then linked to the National Vital Statistics System mortality data to identify AI/AN individuals who had been misclassified as another race on their death certificates. Analyses were limited to NH-AI/AN and purchased/referred care delivery areas or urban areas. We compared death rates and counts pre- and postlinkage and calculated sensitivity and classification ratios by region, sex, age, cause of death, and urban area. Racial misclassification on death certificates among NH-AI/AN varied by geographic region. Some of the highest racial misclassification occurred in the Southern Plains and Pacific Coast. Death rates for NH-AI/AN people and differences between NH-AI/AN and non-Hispanic White people were larger using the linked data. Improving AI/AN mortality data using linkages between vital statistics data and IHS strengthens data quality and can help address health disparities through public health planning efforts.

Keywords: American Indian and Alaska Native; data linkages; disparities; mortality; racial misclassification.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alaska Natives* / statistics & numerical data
  • Cause of Death
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Death Certificates
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Indians, North American* / statistics & numerical data
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mortality* / ethnology
  • Mortality* / trends
  • Quality Improvement*
  • United States / epidemiology
  • United States Indian Health Service
  • Vital Statistics
  • Young Adult