Multifocal paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with anti-GABA-B and anti-Hu antibodies manifesting with status epilepticus and epilepsia partialis continua: Expanding the clinical-radiological spectrum

Abstract

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are immune-mediated effects of remote cancer, which often harbor anti-neuronal antibodies. These antibodies may direct toward intracellular or cell-surface antigens and the clinical picture associated with each antibody is often stereotyped. Little is known about clinical and radiological manifestations of PNSs with co-occurring anti-intracellular and anti-surface neuronal antigens. This case report describes a unique case of a patient with small cell lung cancer harboring both anti-GABABR and anti-Hu antibodies who presented with multifocal encephalitis, manifesting with status epilepticus and epilepsia partialis continua.

Keywords: Autoimmune encephalitis; Dual positivity; Epilepsy; Magnetic resonance; Multiple auto-antibody vaccine; Seizure.