Retraction Note: COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries

Md Maniruzzaman; Md Missile Islam; Md Hazrat Ali; Nobendu Mukerjee; Swastika Maitra; Mohammad Amjad Kamal; Arabinda Ghosh; Melvin A Castrosanto; Athanasios Alexiou; Ghulam Md Ashraf; Priti Tagde; Md Habibur Rahman

doi:10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9

Retraction Note: COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 May;32(22):13523-13524. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9.

Authors

Md Maniruzzaman¹, Md Missile Islam², Md Hazrat Ali³, Nobendu Mukerjee^{4

5}, Swastika Maitra⁶, Mohammad Amjad Kamal^{7

8

9

10}, Arabinda Ghosh¹¹, Melvin A Castrosanto¹², Athanasios Alexiou^{13

14}, Ghulam Md Ashraf^{15

16}, Priti Tagde¹⁷, Md Habibur Rahman¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
² Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Sitakundu, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India.
⁵ Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
⁶ Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India.
⁷ West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
⁸ King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹⁰ Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
¹¹ Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India.
¹² Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, 4030, Los Banos, Philippines.
¹³ Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
¹⁴ AFNP Med, Vienna, Austria.
¹⁵ Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁷ Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India.
¹⁸ Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, Korea. pharmacisthabib@gmail.com.

No abstract available

Publication types

Retraction Notice