Saudi fathers' perceptions of obesity, feeding practices, and promoting healthy eating in children: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health. 2025 May 19;25(1):1834. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23039-x.

Abstract

Background: Family involvement is crucial in mitigating childhood obesity. Nonetheless, research on fathers' perceptions regarding childhood weight issues remains limited, particularly within non-Western cultures.

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine fathers' attitudes, perceptions, and practices related to child feeding and obesity risk; (2) assess their self-efficacy in promoting healthy eating; and (3) explore the relationship between these factors among fathers of school-age children in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, with data collected from 179 Saudi fathers of school-age children (ages 6-12 years) via online survey. Instruments included the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlations and descriptive statistics.

Results: Self-efficacy was negatively correlated with feeding responsibility (rho =- 0.29, p < 0.01), pressure to eat (rho =- 0.18, p < 0.05), and monitoring (rho =- 0.25, p < 0.01), indicating that lower confidence was linked to greater parental control. Positive correlations were found with perceived parent overweight (rho = 0.34, p < 0.01) and perceived child overweight (rho = 0.23, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Healthcare professionals should design father-centered interventions that promote healthy eating without instilling weight-related anxiety. Culturally tailored strategies targeting paternal self-efficacy could enhance childhood obesity prevention efforts in the region.

Keywords: Childhood obesity; Father; Feeding practices; Parents; Perception; Self-efficacy.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Child
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diet, Healthy* / psychology
  • Fathers* / psychology
  • Fathers* / statistics & numerical data
  • Feeding Behavior* / psychology
  • Female
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pediatric Obesity* / prevention & control
  • Pediatric Obesity* / psychology
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Self Efficacy
  • Surveys and Questionnaires