Intensive outdoor activity for 1 week increases choroidal thickness in Japanese schoolchildren: a prospective observational study

BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 May 20;25(1):300. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04128-2.

Abstract

Background: Outdoor activity is important to prevent myopia progression among schoolchildren, and maintaining the choroidal thickness is important to retard myopia progression. However, no research has reported the effects of short-term intensive outdoor activities on the choroidal thickness. This institution-based prospective observational study aims to assess the impact of outdoor activity for 1 week during a camp program to study ocular parameters including the choroidal thickness.

Methods: The intensive outdoor activity program included an average of 6.15 ± 2.98 h of daily time spent outdoors during the camp on subsequent days for 1 week at a low-altitude mountain camp. Twenty-four children participated in this program.

Results: The main outcome was the change in the choroidal thickness compared with baseline. The data were measured at the beginning and end of the program over the course of 1 week and the changes analyzed. The mean age of the participants (50% female) was 11.5 ± 0.5 (standard deviation) years, and the mean changes were as follows: the refractive error became more positive, the axial length decreased, and the choroidal thickness (µm) increased, respectively, by 0.21 ± 1.35 diopters (P = 0.742), -0.01 ± 0.02 mm (P = 0.241), and 30.7 ± 20.3 μm (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The results suggested that intensive outdoor activity for only 1 week increased the choroidal thickness in Japanese schoolchildren.

Keywords: Choroidal thickness; Myopia; Outdoor activity.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Axial Length, Eye
  • Child
  • Choroid* / anatomy & histology
  • Choroid* / diagnostic imaging
  • Choroid* / pathology
  • East Asian People
  • Exercise* / physiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Japan
  • Male
  • Myopia* / physiopathology
  • Myopia* / prevention & control
  • Prospective Studies
  • Refraction, Ocular / physiology
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods

Supplementary concepts

  • Japanese people