TE optimization for J-difference editing of 2-hydroxyglutarate at 3T

Magn Reson Med. 2025 Oct;94(4):1363-1376. doi: 10.1002/mrm.30561. Epub 2025 May 20.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the TE dependence of the edited 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) signal, its separation from co-edited glutamate plus glutamine (Glx), and fit accuracy in the presence of nuisance signals using a MEGA-PRESS sequence.

Methods: Simulations were performed at TEs 70-160 ms to assess the signal intensity and 2HG-Glx overlap as a function of TE. The effect of the 2HG-Glx spectral overlap on the fit accuracy of 2HG was evaluated on simulated 2HG-edited spectra with in vivo parameter variations. Data were acquired at TEs of 70 and 90 ms in 13 glioma patients to estimate the TE-dependence of the 2HG and Glx signal intensity and at a TE of 120 ms in eight glioma patients to estimate the in vivo 2HG, Glx, and water T2 relaxation times.

Results: A TE of 90 ms was found to produce a maximal 2HG integral, which was 23% larger than that at a TE of 70 ms in vivo without a significant increase in 2HG-Glx overlap. Lipid and residual water were 26% and 16% lower, respectively, at a TE of 90 ms versus 70 ms. Fit-quality numbers were 49% lower at a TE of 90 ms versus 70 ms, indicating enhanced fits at a TE of 90 ms. The in vivo T2 relaxation times of 2HG, Glx, and water were 264, 177, and 110 ms, respectively.

Conclusion: A TE of 90 ms was best with a maximal 2HG signal, minimal 2HG-Glx overlap, and minimal residual water and lipid contamination.

Keywords: 2HG; J‐difference editing; MR spectroscopy; glioma; tumor.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Algorithms
  • Brain Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Computer Simulation
  • Female
  • Glioma* / diagnostic imaging
  • Glioma* / metabolism
  • Glutamic Acid
  • Glutamine
  • Glutarates* / analysis
  • Glutarates* / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging* / methods
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / methods
  • Male
  • Middle Aged

Substances

  • Glutarates
  • alpha-hydroxyglutarate
  • Glutamine
  • Glutamic Acid