Blood and Peritoneal Lactate, Ratio and Difference, and Peritoneal Lactate to Total Solids Ratio for Detection of Intestinal Strangulating Obstructions in Horses

J Vet Intern Med. 2025 Jul-Aug;39(4):e70121. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70121.

Abstract

Background: The effectiveness of the peritoneal fluid L-lactate-to-total solids ratio (PFL:PFTS) as a diagnostic marker for strangulating lesions of the small intestine (SI) and large colon (LC) has not been investigated.

Objectives: Describe and compare the PFL:PTFS and blood lactate (BL), peritoneal fluid lactate (PFL) and PFL:BL difference and PFL:BL ratio of horses with SI and LC strangulating (SO) and non-strangulating (NSO) obstructions and determine sensitivity and specificity to predict SO.

Animals: A total of 282 horses, 117 with SI lesions (59 classified as SINSO and 58 as SISO), and 165 with LC lesions, 126 categorized as LCNSO and 39 as LCSO.

Methods: Retrospective study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to identify optimal cut-off points to maximize sensitivity and specificity to predict SO.

Results: A PFL:PFTS ratio of 2.9 had fair (area under the curve [AUC], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.84) ability to discriminate between SISO and SINSO, with sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 78.3% to predict SISO.

A pfl: PFTS ratio of 3.6 had good ability to discriminate between LCSO and LCNSO (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90) with sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 81% to predict LCSO, respectively. Peritoneal fluid lactate, PFL:BL difference, and PFL:BL ratio also had a low to moderate sensitivity to predict ischemic strangulating lesions of the SI and LC.

Conclusion and clinical importance: Strangulating obstructions are critical conditions requiring prompt intervention. The low to moderate sensitivity identified suggests that PFL, PFL:BL difference and ratio, and PFL:PFTS ratio should be interpreted with clinical signs and the response to initial treatment to determine SO accurately.

Keywords: acute abdomen; hyperlactatemia; lactate/total solids ratio; strangulating lesion; volvulus.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ascitic Fluid* / chemistry
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases* / blood
  • Horse Diseases* / diagnosis
  • Horses
  • Intestinal Obstruction* / blood
  • Intestinal Obstruction* / diagnosis
  • Intestinal Obstruction* / veterinary
  • Lactic Acid* / analysis
  • Lactic Acid* / blood
  • Male
  • ROC Curve
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Lactic Acid
  • Biomarkers