In the rat, the hindlimb representation of the sensorimotor cortex is characterized by the presence of large pyramids in the fifth layer and a dense granular layer ('sensorimotor amalgam'). The objective was to investigate in the rat, whether or not the efferent zones to the gastrocnemius muscle and the proprioceptive feedback projection from that muscle to the cortex are co-extensive. To this end, the proprioceptive zone was mapped by means of field potentials and single unit discharges evoked by controlled longitudinal displacements of the gastrocnemius tendon. The efferent zones to the gastrocnemius muscle were mapped by means of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS; less than 30 microA). The proprioceptive zone occupied a territory extending from 1.0 to 2.5 mm caudal to the bregma and from 2.0 to 3.0 mm lateral from the midline. The response properties were similar to those observed previously in area 3a of monkeys. For sinusoidal displacements threshold amplitude decreased with increasing stretch frequency. The modal value of response latency was 7 ms, the shortest latency 4 ms. The ICMS zone lay 0.5 to 1.5 mm caudal to bregma having an overlap of 0.5 mm with the proprioceptive region. The proprioceptive as well as the motor areas lay within the granular cortex, but overlapped only to a small extent.