UV-Resistant Cell-Free Reactions with Synthetic Melanin Additives

ACS Synth Biol. 2025 Jul 18;14(7):2821-2831. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.5c00212. Epub 2025 Jun 24.

Abstract

Escherichia coli lysate-based cell-free systems have gained traction for a variety of point-of-use biological applications. Lysate-based cell-free reactions can be freeze-dried, deployed without requiring cold chain, and have a high ease of use through simple rehydration. To maximize their potential, it is of interest to stabilize these reactions to withstand a variety of conditions for long-term storage and use, including stabilization to UV exposure. To address this issue and aid in point-of-use applications, we investigate the use of synthetic melanin nanoparticles as UV-protective additives that are compatible with cell-free reactions. These particles have broadband absorption properties and radical scavenging activity that allow for protection from free radical generation during prolonged UV exposure. Stabilizing cell-free reactions in this way may prolong the stability for use in the field where exposure to sunlight is inevitable.

Keywords: allomelanin; cell-free protein synthesis; cell-free systems; eumelanin; melanin nanoparticles; point-of-use manufacturing.

MeSH terms

  • Cell-Free System / radiation effects
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Melanins* / chemical synthesis
  • Melanins* / chemistry
  • Nanoparticles* / chemistry
  • Ultraviolet Rays*

Substances

  • Melanins