Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for obesity, which can potentiate treatment-related late effects. The association between bariatric surgery and cardiometabolic outcomes in survivors is unknown. Survivors of childhood cancer enrolled in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort with prior bariatric surgery for obesity (n = 33) and survivors with severe obesity without prior bariatric surgery (n = 542) were included. Body mass index (BMI) change was described. Multivariable logistic regression compared prevalence of cardiometabolic outcomes at follow-up. Mean change in BMI was -11.8 (SD 8.7) kg/m2 and +0.7 (SD 4.2) kg/m2 among survivors with and without bariatric surgery, after median follow-up of 6.1 and 5.3 years, respectively. Survivors with bariatric surgery (compared with those without) had lower odds of dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.8) and prediabetes (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2 to 0.8). Bariatric surgery is associated with sustained BMI reduction and lower risk for cardiometabolic conditions in survivors of childhood cancer.
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