Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in cancer mortality hotspots: A multi-state geospatial analysis

Am J Surg. 2025 Oct:248:116492. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2025.116492. Epub 2025 Jun 24.

Abstract

Introduction: We sought to identify county-level cancer mortality hotspots for breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers, as well as evaluate contributions of structural factors underlying racial/ethnic disparities, and social vulnerability index (SVI).

Methods: This ecological analysis included states selected to represent high (i.e., Massachusetts), medium (i.e., Ohio), and low (i.e., Mississippi) GDP categories. A cancer hotspot was defined as a county with elevated cancer mortality rates.

Results: Cancer hotspots in Mississippi consisted of higher SVI (breast: 95.9 vs. 82.8), lower median household income ($34,808 vs. $43,766), and predominantly Black populations (63.7 ​% vs. 35.1 ​%) (all p ​< ​0.05). Ohio hotspots had higher rates of food insecurity (17 ​% vs. 13 ​%), smoking (lung: 29 vs. 23 ​%), and obesity (colorectal: 41 ​% vs. 38 ​%) (all p ​< ​0.05). In Mississippi, disparities rooted in structural racism were more prominent, whereas socioeconomic disadvantage was more prominent in Ohio.

Conclusion: Cancer mortality hotspots are disproportionately concentrated in low-GDP states, driven by social vulnerability and economic disparities.

Keywords: Cancer mortality; Geospatial analysis; Hotspots; Racial disparities; Social vulnerability index (SVI); Socioeconomic disparities.

MeSH terms

  • Breast Neoplasms / ethnology
  • Breast Neoplasms / mortality
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / ethnology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / mortality
  • Female
  • Health Status Disparities*
  • Hispanic or Latino* / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / ethnology
  • Lung Neoplasms / mortality
  • Male
  • Massachusetts / epidemiology
  • Mississippi / epidemiology
  • Neoplasms* / ethnology
  • Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Ohio / epidemiology
  • Racial Groups* / statistics & numerical data
  • Social Vulnerability
  • Socioeconomic Disparities in Health
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Spatial Analysis