Challenges and Strategies in Managing Naegleria fowleri-Associated Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in Pakistan: A Case Report

Acta Parasitol. 2025 Jul 7;70(4):150. doi: 10.1007/s11686-025-01091-2.

Abstract

Background: Naegleria fowleri, a thermophilic, free-living amoeba, is the causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare but highly fatal infection.

Case presentation: This case report highlights a 31-year-old physical trainer from Ichhra, Lahore, who presented with symptoms of headache, fever, and altered behavior, ultimately diagnosed with Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) wet mount microscopy findings, with domestic water suspected as the probable source due to the absence of recreational water exposure.

Conclusion: The case underscores the urgent need for early diagnosis and intervention to combat the rising mortality rates associated with this deadly infection. The impact of factors such as rising temperatures and compromised water systems on the spread of Naegleria fowleri in Pakistan is discussed, emphasizing the importance of public health measures to prevent further cases.

Keywords: Naegleria fowleri; Brain-eating amoeba; PAM; Primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Amebiasis* / diagnosis
  • Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections* / diagnosis
  • Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections* / drug therapy
  • Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections* / parasitology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Meningoencephalitis* / diagnosis
  • Meningoencephalitis* / drug therapy
  • Meningoencephalitis* / parasitology
  • Naegleria fowleri* / isolation & purification
  • Pakistan