This study evaluated the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus through a meta-analysis of 23 randomised controlled trials involving 1,345 participants. Mg supplementation significantly increased serum Mg levels (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.06) and reduced fasting blood glucose levels (WMD = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.28). However, the impact on glycated haemoglobin was minimal (WMD = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.32 to 0.00). Subgroup analysis showed a greater reduction in glycated haemoglobin among participants aged ≥65 years and those receiving longer durations of supplementation. Additionally, Mg supplementation was linked to lower diastolic blood pressure and potential improvements in lipid profile. This review highlights the importance of considering patient characteristics, dosage and intervention duration in future research on Mg supplementation for glycaemic control in diabetes.
Keywords: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus; Glycated Haemoglobin; Lipids; Magnesium; Randomised Controlled Trial as Topic; Review.
© The Author(s) 2025.