Artificial intelligence for endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia: advancing risk stratification for gastric cancer

Endoscopy. 2025 Nov;57(11):1254-1260. doi: 10.1055/a-2657-9906. Epub 2025 Jul 17.

Abstract

Background: The Endoscopic Grading of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia (EGGIM) classification correlates with histological assessment of gastric intestinal metaplasia and enables stratification of gastric cancer risk. We developed and evaluated an artificial intelligence (AI) approach for EGGIM estimation.

Methods: Two datasets (A and B) with 1280 narrow-band imaging images were used for per-image analysis. Still images with manually selected patches of 224 × 224 pixels, annotated by experts, were used. Dataset A was retrospectively collected from clinical routine; Dataset B (used for per-patient analysis) was prospectively collected and included 65 fully documented patients. To mimic clinical practice, a deep neural network classified image patches into three EGGIM classes (0, 1, 2) and calculated the total per-patient EGGIM score (0–10).

Results: On per-image analysis, an accuracy of 87% (95%CI 71%–100%) was obtained. Per-patient EGGIM estimation had an average error of 1.15 (out of 10) and showed 88% (95%CI 80%–96%) accurate clinical decisions for surveillance (EGGIM ≥5), with 85% (95%CI 75%–94%) specificity, no false negatives, and positive and negative predictive values of 62% (95%CI 32%–92%) and 100% (95%CI 100%–100%), respectively.

Conclusions: EGGIM was estimated with high accuracy using AI tools in endoscopic image analyses. Automated assessment of EGGIM may provide a greener strategy for gastric cancer risk stratification, prospective studies, and interventional trials.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Artificial Intelligence*
  • Deep Learning
  • Female
  • Gastric Mucosa* / diagnostic imaging
  • Gastric Mucosa* / pathology
  • Gastroscopy* / methods
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Metaplasia / diagnostic imaging
  • Metaplasia / pathology
  • Middle Aged
  • Narrow Band Imaging
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Neural Networks, Computer
  • Precancerous Conditions* / diagnostic imaging
  • Precancerous Conditions* / pathology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment / methods
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / pathology