Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a treatable disease, yet euthanasia rates are high. Anticipated costs, impact on owner lifestyle, and financial constraints contribute to early euthanasia. Insulin, diet, monitoring, and veterinary care make up the bulk of expenses, and substituting affordable choices in one or more of these areas can significantly affect overall costs without compromising care. There is not a "best" approach for managing all diabetic dogs, rather, management tailored to the needs of the owner and dog. Spectrum-of-care approaches in diabetic dogs are urgently needed to lower costs, increase survival, and improve dog and owner outcomes.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus; diabetic clinical score; dog; insulin; spectrum of care.